LED Bulbs Data Sheets

LED Circuit Absolute Maximum Ratings

Absolute maximum ratings provides a summary of conditions that must not exceed the stated values while operating within the LED circuit. Exceeding values may present unsafe operating conditions. Such items include current, power dissipation, operating temperature, storage temperature, soldering temperature, and pulse conditions. The "Item" column describes a data reference. The "Symbol" column offers an industry standard shorthand equivalent. The "Absolute Maximum Rating" column provides the LED data sheet value. The "Unit" column indicates the unit of measure. Note that all data values apply only at the solder point temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. The solder point is the point at which the solder meets with the PC board and LED lights lead. Most light emitting diodes manufactures refer to "case temperature". Referring to the solder point temperature is more precise.

LED Data Sheets Forward Current

Forward current refers to the electrical current flowing through the LED lights PN junction during continuous LED circuit operation. The maximum forward current of 180 milli-amps indicates that this specific LED lights cannot safely operate beyond this value, at standard temperature.

Pulse Forward Current

Pulse forward current refers to the electrical current flowing through the LED lights PN junction during pulsed operation. Pulse operation relies on a series of short electrical pulses switching the LED lights on and off faster than detectable by the human eye. Pulse forward current is always higher than forward current, only possible due to cooling of the LED lights die between pulses. The maximum pulse current of 350 milli-amps indicates that this specific LED lamp cannot safely operate beyond this value.

Allowable Reverse Current

Allowable reverse current refers to the electrical current flowing through the LED's PN junction in the opposite direction. The LED lights will not produce light during reversed polarity operation. The maximum reverse current of 85 milli-amps indicates that this specific LED cannot safely operate beyond this value.

Power Dissipation

Power dissipation refers to the LED lights maximum power dissipation. To calculate for maximum power dissipation with the LED circuit, simply multiplying the maximum forward current by the maximum forward voltage as stated on the LED data sheets. Therefore, increasing either current or voltage will cause power to increase. The maximum power dissipation of 684 milli-watts indicates that this specific LED bulb cannot safely operate beyond this value.

Operating Temperature

Operating temperature refers to the temperature of the surrounding / ambient air during LED operation. LED bulbs operating within an enclosure or housing may affect the ambient air temperature, causing it to increase due to heat dissipation retained from the LED or other electronics. The temperature range of negative 40 degrees Celsius to one hundred degrees Celsius indicates that this specific LED lamp cannot safely operate below or beyond these values, within any LED circuit. It is important to understand that all previous current and power specifications only apply at 25 degrees Celsius, and not within the entire operating temperature range shown in the LED data sheets. To determine maximum current and power specifications at a temperature other than 25 degrees Celsius, refer to the LED data sheets graphical data section.

Storage Temperature

Storage temperature refers to the temperature of the surrounding /ambient air during LED bulbs non-operational periods, such as storage. This temperature range is typically identical to the operating temperature range as per the LED data sheets. The temperature range of negative 40 degrees Celsius to one hundred degrees Celsius indicates that this specific LED bulb cannot endure storage temperatures below or beyond these values. Although not mentioned in this section, it is also important to store LED bulbs in environments with low humidity.

Dice Temperature

Dice temperature refers to the temperature of the internal LED bulb during operation. Although this value is not directly measurable, it is easy to calculate using the thermal resistance, power dissipation, and measured board temperature. The maximum dice temperature of 130 degrees Celsius, per the LED data sheets, indicates that this specific LED bulb cannot safely operate beyond this value.

Soldering Temperature

Soldering temperature refers to the temperature of the solder joint during hand or reflow soldering. To prevent exceeding the soldering temperature, it is important to consider using a soldering iron with adjustable temperature function. For convection reflow soldering, a thermal couple soldered into the solder joint will provide the most accurate temperature reading. The maximum temperature of 260 degrees Celsius for 10 seconds indicates that this specific LED lamp cannot endure reflow soldering temperatures beyond this value, while being assembled into the LED circuit. The maximum temperature of 350 degrees Celsius for 3 seconds indicates that this specific LED cannot endure hand-soldering temperatures beyond this value.

IFP Conditions

IFP conditions refers to special conditions associated with pulse forward current including the pulse width and duty cycle. The pulse width simply refers to the pulse duration, as where the duty cycle refers to the pulse duration divided by the period between each pulse. The maximum pulse width of 10mS and duty cycle of 0.1 indicate that this specific LED cannot safely operate beyond these values.

Initial Electrical / Optical Characteristics

Initial electrical and optical characteristics offers a general outline covering basic electrical and optical items including voltage, flux, intensity, and chromaticity coordinates. An engineer may glance at these LED data sheet values contained within this section to initially determine if the LED bulbs may suit the custom LED lighting application. The "Item" column describes a data reference. The "Symbol" column offers an industry standard shorthand equivalent. The "Condition" column refers to the forward drive current utilized within the LED circuit. The "Typ." column provides a typical data value, as calculated from average values obtained from all existing LED bins. The "Max." column provides a maximum data value, as predetermined by the LED manufacture. The "Unit" column indicates the unit of measure. Note that all data values apply only at 25 degrees Celsius. Chromaticity coordinates correspond with the standard CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram.

Forward Voltage

Forward voltage specifies the voltage drop across the LED junction while operating at 150 milli-amps within the LED circuit. The typical forward voltage represents an average value, as where the maximum forward voltage represents the highest possible value predetermined by the LED manufacture. Voltage testing during the binning process ensures that the forward voltage is within specification. The typical forward voltage of 3.5 volts indicates that this specific LED will generally drop this voltage across the junction, as where the maximum forward voltage of 3.8 volts indicates that this specific LED will not exceed this voltage across the junction.

Luminous Flux

Luminous flux specifics the total lumen output while operating at 150 milli-amps (mA). The typical luminous flux represents a common value based on manufacturing yield. The typical luminous flux of 20 lumens indicates this LED will generally provide this luminous output.

Luminous Intensity

Luminous intensity specifies the intensity while operating at 150 milli-amps. Typical luminous intensity represents the common value based on yield from the factory. The typical luminous intensity of 8 candelas (8000 milli-candela) indicates this LED bulbs will generally provide this luminous intensity.

Chromaticity Coordinate

Chromaticity coordinate maps the color according to hue and saturation. The color information is mapped on a two dimensional diagram referred to as the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. The typical chromaticity coordinates of 0.31 and 0.32 correspond with x and y, respectively, and indicate this LED will generally produce these coordinates.

Ranking

Ranking states specific binning information including luminous flux and chromaticity coordinates. Subsequent to manufacturing, each LED bulb undergoes testing to determine its specific binning characteristics. Values can vary between bins so it is important not to assume LEDs with identical part numbers will always present identical characteristics. Always confirm binning information prior to anticipating an LED bulbs performance. The "Item" column refers to the specific intensity bin. The "Symbol" column offers an industry standard shorthand equivalent. The "Condition" column references a forward current value within the LED circuit. The "Min." column provides a minimum lumen value, as predetermined by the LED manufacture. The "max." column provides a maximum lumen value, as predetermined by the LED manufacture. The "Unit" column indicates the unit of measure. Note that all data values within the LED data sheets apply only at 25 degrees Celsius. All luminous flux measurements contain a measurement allowance of +/- 7%. In addition, color rank values apply only under the conditions of 150 milli-amps forward current. All color coordinates are subject to a measurement allowance of +/- 0.01.

Luminous Flux

Luminous flux specifies the total lumen output while operating at 150 milli-amps (150 mA), corresponding with intensity bins P6 through P9. It is important to specify an intensity bin before ordering, or refer to the last digit of the LED lot number to match the LED with a corresponding intensity bin.

Color Ranks

Color ranks specifies the chromaticity coordinates while operating at 150 milli-amps, according to color bins A through C and sub-bins 0 through 8. Color ranks using the A prefix indicate a color temperature between 9000 and 15000 degrees Kelvin. Color ranks using the B prefix indicate a color temperature between 5600 and 9000 degrees Kelvin, while color ranks using the C prefix indicate a color temperature between 4600 and 5600 degrees Kelvin. Specify a color rank before ordering, or refer to the second to last digit of the LED lot number to match the LED with a corresponding color rank. Note that some bins contain sub-bins, and the LED manufacture may ship an LED order containing numerous sub-bins.

Corresponding Table of Luminous Flux - Luminous Intensity (Reference)

This table provides luminous flux values corresponding with data from the previous luminous flux table, found within the ranking section. Each value corresponds with a luminous intensity value expressed in candelas. This conveniently provides engineers and designers with the luminous intensity range for each intensity ranking / bin.